我们开发了一种组合量子蒙特卡罗的准确性在描述与机器学习电位(MLP)的效率描述电子相关性的技术。我们使用内核线性回归与肥皂(平滑的重叠原子位置)方法结合使用,以非常有效的方式在此实现。关键成分是:i)一种基于最远点采样的稀疏技术,确保我们的MLP的一般性和可转换性和II)所谓的$ \ Delta $ -Learning,允许小型训练数据集,这是一种高度准确的基本属性但是计算地要求计算,例如基于量子蒙特卡罗的计算。作为第一个应用,我们通过强调这一非常高精度的重要性,展示了高压氢气液体过渡的基准研究,并显示了我们的MLP的高精度的重要性,实验室在实验中难以进行实验,以及实验理论仍然远非结论。
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Inspired by foundational studies in classical and quantum physics, and by information retrieval studies in quantum information theory, we have recently proved that the notions of 'energy' and 'entropy' can be consistently introduced in human language and, more generally, in human culture. More explicitly, if energy is attributed to words according to their frequency of appearance in a text, then the ensuing energy levels are distributed non-classically, namely, they obey Bose-Einstein, rather than Maxwell-Boltzmann, statistics, as a consequence of the genuinely 'quantum indistinguishability' of the words that appear in the text. Secondly, the 'quantum entanglement' due to the way meaning is carried by a text reduces the (von Neumann) entropy of the words that appear in the text, a behaviour which cannot be explained within classical (thermodynamic or information) entropy. We claim here that this 'quantum-type behaviour is valid in general in human cognition', namely, any text is conceptually more concrete than the words composing it, which entails that the entropy of the overall text decreases. This result can be prolonged to human culture and its collaborative entities having lower entropy than their constituent elements. We use these findings to propose the development of a new 'non-classical thermodynamic theory for human cognition and human culture', which bridges concepts and quantum entities and agrees with some recent findings on the conceptual, not physical, nature of quantum entities.
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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像许多团队运动一样,篮球涉及两组球员,他们从事合作和对抗性活动以赢得比赛。球员和团队正在执行各种复杂的策略,以比对手获得优势。定义,识别和分析不同类型的活动是体育分析中的一项重要任务,因为它可以导致球员和教练人员更好地策略和决策。本文的目的是自动识别篮球小组的活动,从跟踪代表玩家和球的位置的数据。我们在团队运动中提出了一种新颖的深度学习方法,以称为NETS。为了有效地对团队运动中的玩家关系进行建模,我们将基于变压器的体系结构与LSTM嵌入结合在一起,以及一个团队合并层以识别小组活动。培训这样的神经网络通常需要大量注释数据,这会产生高标签成本。为了解决手动标签的稀缺性,我们在自我监督的轨迹预测任务上生成弱标签并预处理神经网络。我们使用了从632个NBA游戏中的大型跟踪数据集来评估我们的方法。结果表明,NET能够以高准确性学习小组活动,并且网络中的自我监督训练对GAR的准确性产生了积极影响。
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生成对抗网络(GAN)是能够合成数据样本的强大模型,与真实数据的分布非常相似,但是由于所谓的模式崩溃现象在gans中观察到了这些生成样品的多样性受到限制。尤其容易崩溃的是有条件的gan,它们倾向于忽略输入噪声矢量并专注于条件信息。提议减轻这种限制的最新方法增加了生成的样品的多样性,但是当需要样品相似性时,它们会降低模型的性能。为了解决这一缺点,我们提出了一种新颖的方法,可以选择性地增加GAN生成样品的多样性。通过在训练损失功能中添加简单但有效的正则化,我们鼓励发电机发现与不同输出相关的输入的新数据模式,同时为其余的输出生成一致的样本。更确切地说,我们最大化生成的图像与输入潜在向量之间的距离之比,根据给定条件输入的样品的多样性缩放效果。我们在合成基准测试中显示了我们方法的优势,以及在CERN LHC的Alice实验零度量热计中模拟数据的现实情况。
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在计算机愿景中已经过了很长一段时间的3D表示和人体重建。传统方法主要依赖于参数统计线性模型,将可能的身体的空间限制在线性组合。近来,一些方法才试图利用人体建模的神经隐式表示,同时展示令人印象深刻的结果,它们是通过表示能力的限制或没有物理有意义和可控的。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种用于人体的新型神经隐含表示,其具有完全可分辨:无戒开的形状和姿势潜在空间的优化。与事先工作相反,我们的代表是基于运动模型设计的,这使得可以为姿势动画等任务提供可控制的表示,同时允许为3D配件和姿势跟踪等任务进行整形和姿势。我们的模型可以直接培训和精细调整,直接在具有精心设计的损失的非水密原始数据上。实验展示了SOTA方法的改进的3D重建性能,并显示了我们的方法来形状插值,模型拟合,姿势跟踪和运动重新定位的适用性。
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胶囊网络(CAPSNET)是图像处理的新兴趋势。与卷积神经网络相反,CAPSNET不容易受到对象变形的影响,因为对象的相对空间信息在整个网络中保存。但是,它们的复杂性主要与胶囊结构和动态路由机制有关,这使得以其原始形式部署封闭式以由小型微控制器(MCU)供电的设备几乎是不合理的。在一个智力从云到边缘迅速转移的时代,这种高复杂性对在边缘的采用capsnets的采用构成了严重的挑战。为了解决此问题,我们提出了一个API,用于执行ARM Cortex-M和RISC-V MCUS中的量化capsnet。我们的软件内核扩展了ARM CMSIS-NN和RISC-V PULP-NN,以用8位整数作为操作数支持胶囊操作。随之而来的是,我们提出了一个框架,以执行CAPSNET的训练后量化。结果显示,记忆足迹的减少近75%,准确性损失范围从0.07%到0.18%。在吞吐量方面,我们的ARM Cortex-M API可以分别在仅119.94和90.60毫秒(MS)的中型胶囊和胶囊层执行(STM32H7555ZIT6U,Cortex-M7 @ 480 MHz)。对于GAP-8 SOC(RISC-V RV32IMCXPULP @ 170 MHz),延迟分别降至7.02和38.03 ms。
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由于它可能对粮食安全,可持续性,资源利用效率,化学处理的降低以及人类努力和产量的优化,因此,自主机器人在农业中的应用正在越来越受欢迎。有了这一愿景,蓬勃发展的研究项目旨在开发一种适应性的机器人解决方案,用于精确耕作,该解决方案结合了小型自动无人驾驶飞机(UAV)(UAV)的空中调查能力以及由多功能无人驾驶的无人接地车(UGV)执行的针对性干预措施。本文概述了该项目中获得的科学和技术进步和结果。我们引入了多光谱感知算法以及空中和地面系统,用于监测农作物密度,杂草压力,作物氮营养状况,并准确地对杂草进行分类和定位。然后,我们介绍了针对我们在农业环境中机器人身份量身定制的导航和映射系统,以及用于协作映射的模块。我们最终介绍了我们在不同的现场条件和不同农作物中实施和测试的地面干预硬件,软件解决方案以及接口。我们描述了一个真正的用例,在该案例中,无人机与UGV合作以监视该领域并进行选择性喷涂而无需人工干预。
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